Beginner / Lesson 16 (Prepositions) || Learn Malay Through English ||

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Lesson 15 (Directions)


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Beginner || Learn Malay Through English ||





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Prepositions 

It is a word that is used before a noun, a noun phrase or a pronoun, connecting it to another word.

What are prepositions?
A few examples are on, in, at and onto.

Why do we need to prepositions?
- Basically, that is how we determine where an object is.
  For example: The bag is on the box.

- We also use it to determine when an event takes place.
  For example: I will be home by noon.

In this lesson, I will be focusing on the prepositions used in the Malay language otherwise known as "Kata sendi nama".

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In Malay, preposition or rather kata sendi nama, is placed before a noun, a noun phrase or a pronoun. Just like in English.


1. Di - At


      - It is used in reference of location.

For example:
  • They are doing their revision at the library. - Mereka sedang mengulang kaji di perpustakaan.
  • He is jogging at the park. - Dia sedang berjoging di taman.

2. Ke - To / For


      - It is used in reference of: place / location
                                               direction
                                               time      
For example:
  • I will go to the clinic later. - Saya akan pergi ke klinik nanti. (Place / Location)
  • Jenny left early for the office. - Jenny keluar awal ke pejabat. (Direction)
  • Now, the time shows 10 minutes to 11 a.m. - Sekarang, masa menunjukkan 10 minit ke pukul sebelas pagi. (Time)
  • The inspection will be held from time to time. - Pemeriksaan akan diadakan dari semasa ke semasa.

3. Dari - From


      - It is used in reference of : place / location
                                                direction
                                                time

For example:
  • Alice is from Malaysia. - Alice berasal dari Malaysia. (Place / Location)
  • He was walking home from school. - Dia berjalan balik dari sekolah. (Direction)
  • I waited for her from 8 a.m. - Saya menunggu dia dari pukul 8 pagi. (Time) 

4. Kepada - To / Into


    - It is used in reference of : people
                                               portions / parts
                                               change in situations
Note: Basically, kepada is equivalent to ke. However, ke is only used when you need to refer direction, place / location and time.
          When you are not referring to direction, place / location and time, kepada is used instead.
For example: 
  • Give these books to Tina. - Berikan buku-buku ini kepada Tina. (People)
  • That cake is divided into four parts. - Kek itu dibahagikan kepada empat bahagian. (Portions / Parts)
  • The price of bun increased to RM1.00 after the increase on the price of flour. - Harga roti meningkat kepada RM1.00 selepas kenaikan harga tepung. (Change in situations)

5. Daripada - From / Than


      - It is used in reference of: people
                                               source
                                               comparison / difference (than)

Note: Basically, daripada is equivalent to dari. However, dari is only used when you need to refer direction, place / location and time.

          When you are not referring to direction, place / location and time, daripada is used instead.
For example:
  • The phone call was from her friend. - Panggilan telefon itu daripada rakannya. (People)
  • The table is made from wood. - Meja itu diperbuat daripada kayu. (Source)
  • Living at the countryside is better than living at the city. - Tinggal di desa lebih baik daripada tinggal di bandar. (Comparison / Difference)

6. Pada - To / With / In 

       - It is used in reference of : place of an action / object
                                                time description

 For example:

  • His kite is stuck to a guava tree. - Layang-layangnya tersangkut pada pokok jambu. (Place of an action / object)
  • The book is with my father. - Buku itu ada pada ayah saya. (Place of an action / object)
  • The show will start in the late evening. - Pertunjukan itu akan bermula pada lewat petang. (Time description)

7. Untuk - To / For


      - It is used in reference of : purpose (of something)
                                                to be given (to someone/something)

For example:
  • Mom used a sharp knife to cut the meat. - Emak menggunakan pisau yang tajam untuk memotong daging. (Purpose)
  • I will be going to the hairdresser to cut my hair. - Saya akan ke kedai memotong rambut untuk memotong rambut saya. (Purpose)
  • Those flowers are for my grandmother. - Bunga-bunga tersebut untuk nenek saya. (To be given to someone/something)
  • I bought a new dress for school. - Saya membeli baju baru untuk sekolah. (To be given someone/something)

8. Bagi - For 


      - It is used to show the purpose of something

For example:
  • The donations for the flood victims will be given to the respective organisations. - Derma bagi mangsa banjir akan diberi kepada organisasi-organisasi tertentu. 
Note: In Malay, bagi also means "to give". 
         For example: Can you give this to him? - Bolehkah awak bagi ini kat dia?
                              Give me that CD. - Bagi saya CD itu.

9. Demi - For / By


      - It is used in reference of: purpose
                                               firm declaration
                                               sequence

For example:
  • The people must unite for the country's peace. - Rakyat mesti bersatu padu demi keamanan negara. (Purpose)
  • I swear by the moon and the stars in the sky, I'll be there. - Saya sumpah demi bulan dan bintang-bintang di lelangit yang saya akan berada di situ. (Firm declaration)
  • They will be beaten one by one for committing felony. - Mereka akan disebat seorang demi seorang kerana melakukan kesalahan. (Sequence)

 Note: Demi and untuk has the same meaning which is "for" and can be used interchangeably. 
          For example: I am doing this for my country. 
                          - Saya melakukan ini demi negara saya. 
                          - Saya melakukan ini untuk negara saya.

10. Tentang - About


         - To show reference.

For example:
  • The discussion was about the donation collection. - Perbincangan itu tentang kutipan derma.
  • I was thinking about my elder sister. - Saya berfikir tentang kakak saya.


11. Dengan - With / By


         - It is used in reference of: accompany
                                                  how something is done
                                                  to show the item that was used
                                                  to show similarities

For example:
  • Melissa went to the market with her mom. - Melissa pergi ke pasar dengan ibunya. (Accompany)
  • My neighbour went to school by bus. - Jiran saya pergi ke sekolah dengan bas. (How something is done)
  • Mom sliced the onions by using a knife. - Emak menghiris bawang merah dengan menggunakan pisau. (To show the item that was used)
  • This shirt is same with my sister's one. - Baju ini sama dengan kakak saya punya. (To show similarities)

12. Sejak / Semenjak - Since / Ever since


         - It is used to show from a certain point of time (till now)

For example: 
  • I have been living here since 1959. - Saya tinggal di sini sejak 1959.
  • Ever since his wife left him, he was never the same again. - Semenjak isteri dia meninggalya, dia tidak sama lagi. 

13. Terhadap - Towards

For example: 
  • Don't be rude towards your parents. - Janganlah biadap terhadap ibu bapa awak.

14. Oleh - By


         - To show the subject in passive sentences

For example:
  • The plan was drawn by the famous architect. - Pelan itu dilukis oleh arkitek terkenal.
  • The cake was baked by my teacher. - Kek itu dibakar oleh cikgu saya.

15. Hingga / Sampai - Till / Until


        - In the sense of how long something is going to last.

For example:
  • Mr. Ruiz has till the end of the month to settle his debts. - Encik Ruiz diberi tempoh hingga / sampai hujung bulan untuk menjelaskan hutangnya.
  • We are on holiday until Friday. - Kami bercuti hingga / sampai Jumaat.

16. Dalam / Di dalam - In / Inside


For example:
  • The knife is in the kitchen - Pisau ada dalam dapur. 
  • He will be waiting inside the car. - Dia akan menunggu di dalam kereta.
  • I left my wallet in the taxi. - Saya tertinggal dompet saya dalam teksi. 
                                                                      

17. Atas - On / Over 


 For example:

  • My phone is on the table. - Telefon saya ada di atas meja.
  • They climbed over the wall. - Mereka memanjat atas dinding.

18. Tepi / Sebelah - By / Next to / Beside

        - Left or right of somebody or something

 For example:

  • Jane is standing next to the car. - Jane sedang berdiri sebelah kereta.
  • I put the box by the door. - Saya meletakkan kotak di tepi pintu.
  • She will be sitting beside me in class. - Dia akan duduk sebelah saya di dalam kelas. 

19. Bawah / Di bawah - Under / Below

        - Lower than something

 For example:

  • The bag is under the table. - Beg itu di bawah meja.
  • The fishes are below the surface of the water. - Ikan-ikan berada di bawah permukaan air.

20. Melalui - Through


For example:
  • I went through an agent to buy this house. - Saya membeli rumah ini melalui ejen. 

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Vocabulary
  • Air (Pronounced as ā-yèr) - Water
  • Awal - Early
  • Baju - Clothes
  • Bandar - City
  • Berasal - From (Place of birth)
  • Berjoging - Jogging
  • Bermula - Start
  • Bersatu padu - Unite
  • Biadap - Rude
  • Dapur - Kitchen
  • Desa - Countryside
  • Diadakan - Done / Held
  • Dibahagikan - Divided
  • Disebat - Beaten
  • Ejen - Agent
  • Hutang - Debt
  • Keluar - Left (To go)
  • Kenaikan - The increase in ...
  • Memanjat - Climbed
  • Membeli - Buy
  • Menggunakan - Using
  • Mengulang kaji - Revision
  • Meningkat - Increased
  • Menjelaskan - Settle / Explain
  • Negara - Country
  • Panggilan telefon - The phone call
  • Pasar - Pasar
  • Pemeriksaan - Inspection
  • Perpustakaan - Library
  • Permukaan - Surface
  • Tajam - Sharp
  • Taman - Park
  • Tepung - Flour
  • Tersangkut - Stuck
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That is all for this lesson.
Do comment down below if you have any questions on other prepositions that I may have missed out :)
Click below to go the next lesson :)

See you soon!
Over and out~ :)




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